Which of the following is NOT one of the three main CRM elements?

Which of the following is NOT one of the three main CRM elements?

• A. Communication
• B. Coordination
• C. Cooperation
• D. Leadership

Answer: (D)

CRM focuses on how crew members exchange information, coordinate tasks, and work together to manage flight risks. Clear communication ensures messages are understood; coordination aligns duties and timing so actions fit together smoothly; cooperation means crew members support one another to achieve shared objectives. Leadership is essential in guiding the team, but in this framework it isn’t listed as one of the three main CRM elements. It underpins and enables how the trio functions, rather than being counted as a separate element.

CRM focuses on how crew members exchange information, coordinate tasks, and work together to manage flight risks. Clear communication ensures messages are understood; coordination aligns duties and timing so actions fit together smoothly; cooperation means crew members support one another to achieve shared objectives. Leadership is essential in guiding the team, but in this framework it isn’t listed as one of the three main CRM elements. It underpins and enables how the trio functions, rather than being counted as a separate element.